Reign of Terror, French Revolution Guillotine

Description:: A period during the French Revolution characterized by extreme violence and executions.
Date:: September 5, 1793 – July 27, 1794
Location:: France, Primarily Paris
Associated Figures:: Maximilien Robespierre, Georges Danton, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
Primary Impact:: Political instability, mass executions, centralization of power under the Committee of Public Safety.

Origins and Context

Emerged from the unstable political climate following the French Revolution.
Fueled by fear of counter-revolution and foreign invasion.
Led by radical factions within the National Convention.

Key Events and Characteristics

Establishment of the Committee of Public Safety to suppress internal and external enemies.
Implementation of the Law of Suspects, leading to mass arrests and trials.
Widespread use of the reign of terror french revolution guillotine for executions of perceived enemies of the revolution.
Centralization of power and suppression of dissenting voices.

Notable Victims

Queen Marie Antoinette
Georges Danton (later executed by Robespierre's faction)
Many members of the aristocracy, clergy, and perceived political opponents.

Downfall

Growing opposition to Robespierre's increasingly authoritarian rule.
The Thermidorian Reaction: Robespierre and his allies overthrown and executed on July 27, 1794 (9 Thermidor II).
End of the Reign of Terror and a shift in the political landscape of France.

Legacy and Impact

The Reign of Terror remains a controversial period in French history, serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of political extremism and the abuse of power in the name of revolution. Its legacy continues to be debated by historians, particularly regarding the justification and consequences of its brutal tactics.